Traffic signal timing is the art and science of selecting appropriate timing cycle lengths, dividing the time among competing movements, and setting offset relationships between intersections. The spacing between intersections and the allocated “green” time for the controlled travel movement at each junction are accounted for in the timing development process. Also taking into account pedestrians and walk signals in addition to car and truck traffic, signal timing is ultimately responsible for determining the sequence of operation and equitably assigning and utilizing available road capacity.

When managing oversaturated conditions, it is often necessary to manage queues in a manner that minimizes the blocking of intersections and maximizes the use of green time.